Digital twins: turning real-world complexity into clarity and control
Discover how digital twins transform commercial and government planning with living, data-rich models powered by high-resolution aerial imagery.
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Brisbane, QLD AU
Buildings expand. Roads wear down. Cities evolve in real time. Yet many organisations still make big decisions with static plans and fragmented data. Digital twins change that. They create living, data-rich replicas of physical assets and environments — always current, always connected — giving decision-makers the insight and foresight they need to act with confidence.
For commercial enterprises, digital twins are unlocking operational efficiency, better capital planning, and more resilient portfolios. For governments, they’re powering smarter cities, safer infrastructure, and faster disaster response. In Australia, this technology is reshaping how we design, build, insure, and manage the world.
What are digital twins?
A digital twin is a dynamic digital model of a physical object, asset, or environment. Unlike static CAD drawings or PDFs, a twin stays synchronised with reality. It absorbs data from imagery, sensors, engineering files, and analytics, creating an always-accurate representation of the real world.
A single commercial property might have its own twin, tracking structural health and energy performance. An infrastructure agency might use a network-level twin to model rail corridors, roadways, or stormwater systems. Entire cities are now being digitally mirrored, enabling planners to visualise growth and prepare for future risks.
Types of digital twins
Digital twins vary significantly in terms of scale and purpose. Some represent individual components such as HVAC systems or turbines. Others mirror entire assets, such as buildings or bridges. System-level twins connect multiple assets into an integrated view, such as a manufacturing plant or a transit network. At the process level, twins model workflows such as supply chains or maintenance cycles. At the largest scale, city or region-wide twins integrate geospatial data, imagery, and live sensor feeds to replicate how whole environments behave.
Organisations often start small and expand. A developer might begin with asset-level twins of key buildings, then evolve into a system-wide model linking every property and infrastructure element into one coherent picture.
Examples of digital twins in action
Consider a large commercial real estate owner modernising an office campus. Instead of relying on old blueprints, the team creates a 3D digital twin of the entire site using up-to-date aerial imagery and elevation data. This twin shows current building footprints, rooftop equipment, drainage paths, and nearby infrastructure. Planners test how proposed renovations will impact stormwater runoff, solar exposure, and emergency access — long before breaking ground.
Government adoption in Australia
Government agencies in Australia are realising tangible results from digital twin technology. Adoption is accelerating across commercial real estate groups, insurers, utilities, and transport, with large cities exploring urban twins to support climate resilience and infrastructure renewal. Councils are investing in advanced data platforms to monitor road networks, manage vegetation near power lines, and assess how future climate scenarios could affect communities. Digital twins are central to innovative city strategies and disaster preparedness. Initiatives such as the New South Wales Spatial Digital Twin show how integrating high-resolution imagery, cadastral data, and real-time feeds can transform planning, coordinate transport upgrades, guide utility development, and prepare for natural disasters. Local councils and agencies are following suit, leveraging similar platforms to address flooding, bushfires, and rapid urban development.
Is Google Maps a digital twin?
No. While Google Maps is an excellent navigation and visualisation tool, it is not a digital twin. It provides geospatial context but does not integrate continuous IoT data, detailed asset models, or predictive analytics. A true digital twin evolves in response to real-time inputs, enabling users to simulate, monitor, and plan for change.
Software and systems behind digital twins
Building and maintaining digital twins requires robust digital twin software and geospatial platforms. Organisations typically combine building information modelling (BIM), geographic information systems (GIS), and high-resolution aerial imagery to create accurate, scalable twins. Cloud infrastructure enables them to handle vast datasets, while visualisation engines make the experience interactive and intuitive.
A critical foundation for any twin is current, high-quality aerial imagery and elevation data. Without reliable base maps, even the most advanced modelling tools can quickly become outdated. Many commercial and government users rely on frequently refreshed imagery to ensure their twins reflect what exists today — not months or years ago.
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AI and digital twins
Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming the way digital twins work. Machine learning models process streams of imagery, sensor readings, and historical performance data to predict asset failures before they happen, identify environmental changes, and simulate the impact of new construction or weather events. AI also helps automate twin updates, reducing the manual effort required to keep models accurate.
These capabilities are particularly valuable in sectors such as insurance, utilities, and government infrastructure. Predictive analytics, powered by AI, can forecast how assets will perform under future climate conditions, detect anomalies early, and inform proactive maintenance strategies.
Technology stack powering digital twins
A modern digital twin system brings together several technologies. High-res aerial imagery captures the current ground truth, including rooftops, roadways, vegetation, and drainage systems. LiDAR and photogrammetry generate precise 3D models and elevation surfaces. IoT sensors feed real-time performance and environmental data. Cloud computing handles massive datasets at speed. Artificial intelligence converts raw data into actionable insights. GIS platforms tie everything together spatially, enabling users to interact with twins in a geospatial context.
When these technologies integrate seamlessly, the result is a living digital twin that accurately reflects the physical world with exceptional detail and responds to evolving conditions.
Benefits for commercial and government users
A modern digital twin system brings together several technologies. Organisations that adopt digital twins report significant gains. They gain complete visibility into their assets and networks, making planning and operations far more informed and effective. Decisions that once relied on static plans or assumptions can now be tested virtually before committing capital or disrupting services. Maintenance becomes predictive rather than reactive, cutting downtime and costs and planning approvals and stakeholder engagement speed up when leaders can show clear, data-driven visualisations of proposed projects. Safety improves because teams can model hazardous conditions or disaster responses in a risk-free environment.
For insurers, engineers, asset managers, and planners, these advantages translate into lower losses, faster approvals, and stronger long-term resilience.
Why digital twins outperform traditional documentation
Traditional asset records age quickly. PDFs and spreadsheets are snapshots of a moment in time. They cannot adapt when a roof changes or the city builds a new road. A digital twin is always alive. It becomes a single, authoritative source of truth that updates in tandem with the real world. Because it can simulate outcomes, teams move beyond describing assets to predicting how they will behave.
Collaboration also improves dramatically. Engineers, planners, and executives can work within a single shared model instead of juggling conflicting documents. A digital twin enables stakeholders, ranging from regulators to investors, to understand complex infrastructure plans instantly.
Practical challenges and limitations
Creating a high-quality twin requires reliable data and careful planning. Integrating legacy systems, installing sensors, and ensuring strong data governance can be challenging. Models need to be kept current. A twin that isn’t updated becomes another static file. Costs can escalate if the scope is not managed well.
Yet the barriers are falling. Cloud services have lowered storage and computer costs. Subscription aerial imagery keeps base layers up to date. AI automates much of the updating. The result: what was once a complex, bespoke effort is now achievable for organisations of many sizes.
How digital twins are used today
The application of digital twin solutions is expanding quickly. Commercial property owners are modelling entire portfolios to track condition and optimise capital investment. Infrastructure agencies monitor railways, highways, and utilities with live twins that highlight risks and maintenance needs. Energy providers simulate grid performance and vegetation encroachment. Insurance carriers are utilising digital twin modelling to assess flood and storm exposure at the parcel level and to expedite claims assessment following disasters. Urban planners use large-scale models to design transportation corridors, assess housing growth, and prepare for future climate conditions. Emergency management agencies simulate flood or bushfire events to improve readiness and coordinate response.
The future of digital twins
Digital twins are moving beyond static dashboards into fully automated, intelligent environments. AI will keep models up to date as real-world changes occur. The proliferation of IoT will provide richer live data. Augmented and virtual reality will make interacting with twins more immersive, enabling decision-makers to virtually “walk through” assets before breaking ground. Governments will expand from city-scale twins to nationwide digital ecosystems, supporting everything from infrastructure funding to disaster recovery and relief efforts. For commercial enterprises, this means a shift from reactive maintenance to predictive control and smarter capital allocation.
At the centre of this future is the need for accurate, always-current base data. Frequent high-res aerial imagery and elevation models remain essential for maintaining the trustworthiness of digital twins.
Frequently asked questions
Digital twins explainedWhat is the difference between IoT and digital twins?
IoT is the network of connected devices that collect and transmit data. A digital twin uses that data — along with imagery and modelling — to create a living, digital version of a real-world asset or system.
What is the purpose of digital twins?
They help organisations understand, monitor, and predict the behavior of physical assets or environments. By doing so, they support better planning, safer operations, and more intelligent investment decisions.
Is a digital twin 2D or 3D?
Most modern digital twins are three-dimensional, but some start as 2D representations. The true strength comes from a 3D digital twin that can simulate depth, elevation, and complex interactions.
What skills are needed to work with digital twins?
Professionals often need expertise in GIS, data science, 3D modelling, and cloud platforms. Experience with digital twin software and visualisation tools is increasingly valuable.
Do digital twins use AI?
Yes. AI enhances twins with predictive insights, automated updates, and anomaly detection, turning them into proactive decision tools rather than static records.
How are digital twins used in insurance?
Insurers use twins to model risk exposure, understand property change over time, and respond quickly to disasters by visualising event impacts and claims.
What industries benefit most from digital twins?
Real estate, infrastructure, utilities, manufacturing, transportation, and government agencies all reap strong returns from digital twin technology, as it enables them to plan, operate, and innovate with reduced risk.
Stop making decisions on outdated plans
Start leading with living, intelligent models of the real world. Nearmap delivers high-resolution aerial imagery, elevation data, and geospatial context that make digital twins accurate and actionable. Whether you’re managing a complex commercial portfolio or building a city-scale planning platform, you need reliable, current data to fuel your twin.
Discover how Nearmap imagery powers digital twins.